QUOTATION OF THE DAY
"It was like trying to put out a bonfire（たき火） with a squirt（注射器） gun."
CARMEN BRITO, a resident of the building in Oakland, Calif., in which a fire killed more than 30 people, on another resident’s efforts to put it out with a fire extinguisher.

DECEMBER 05, 2016

（１）Army Blocks Drilling of Dakota Access Oil Pipeline
The Army Corps of Engineers said that it would not approve permits for construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline beneath a dammed（ダムを設ける） section of the Missouri River.
・The decision is a victory for protesters at the Standing Rock reservation（スタンディング・ロック・スー族の居留地）, who say the pipeline would threaten a water source and sacred Native American sites.

（２）Italy’s Premier, Matteo Renzi, Says He’ll Resign After Reform Rejected
Voters defeated proposed changes to Italy’s Constitution, handing a win to anti-establishment forces on the Continent.

（３）Death Toll（死傷者数） in Oakland Warehouse Fire Rises Past 30 as Search Continues
Officials said that the search of the rubble（がれき） of a makeshift（当座しのぎの） nightclub in the building would take days, and that they expected the number of victims to rise.

（４）For Blacks Facing Parole in New York State, Signs of a Broken System
A New York Times investigation of thousands of parole（仮釈放） decisions in the state found that minorities faced marked disadvantages, underscoring a host of problems in the parole process.

（５）Vowing to Squeeze（押し込める） Businesses, Trump Has Tactics Challenged
Economists from both ends of the political spectrum（範囲） say the president-elect’s approach of berating（厳しく非難する） and rewarding companies may be good political theater but ultimately ineffective.

（６）Business Since Birth: Trump’s Children and the Tangle（口論） That Awaits
The president-elect’s three eldest children have always interwoven（絡み合った） family and business ties. Can their empire ever be separate from the White House?

（７）Cuba Puts Fidel Castro to Rest: ‘A Man So Large in a Box So Small’
Bringing a national mourning period to an end, the interment（埋葬） of Mr. Castro’s ashes at a private service made for a subdued（抑制する） end to a week of tributes（敬意）.

（８）Japan’s Leader to Visit Pearl Harbor With Obama 　安倍が真珠湾を訪問
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s trip this month to the site his country attacked 75 years ago will be a first for a sitting Japanese prime minister.

（９）Italian Premier Quits After Referendum on Reform Is Defeated
Prime Minister Matteo Renzi conceded（認める） that his referendum on constitutional changes had lost decisively and said he would resign, sending Italy hurtling toward political and economic uncertainty.
• Live Briefing: Uncertainty in Italy as Far Right Sees a Victory
• Euro Falls After Vote in Italy

（10）Austrians Reject　Far-Right Candidate for President
Austria’s voters have dealt a defeat to a right-wing populist bidding to become the first far-right head of state elected in Europe since World War II.
•How Far Is Europe Swinging to the Right?
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A Day to Remember
On December 7, the nation will honor the 75th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
Every year, nearly 2 million people visit the U.S.S（United States ship： 米艦）. Arizona Memorial.（毎年200万人近くが訪れる） The memorial sits atop the wreckage of the battleship, which was sunk during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941. Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe will make a historic visit to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 26. He will become the first sitting Japanese leader to visit the site since it was attacked on December 7, 1941. Japan’s surprise attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor killed more than 2,000, wounded more than 1,000, and pulled the U.S. into World War II. To mark the 75th anniversary of the event, Abe will go to the base with President Barack Obama. In May, Obama visited the Japanese city of Hiroshima, where the U.S. dropped a nuclear bomb towards the end of the war. Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announces to reporters on Monday that he will visit Pearl Harbor on December 26. 続く
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60-Second Civics: Episode 2725, Fundamental Principles and Modernism
Today we look at the fundamental principles and modernism approaches to constitutional interpretation.
The modernism or instrumentalism approach to constitutional interpretation starts from the premise that
a. the Constitution should not be interpreted by the modern Supreme Court.
b. certain principles, such as republican government, should be used to interpret the Constitution.
c. justices should look only at what the Framers meant when they wrote the words of the Constitution.
d. interpretation of the Constitution should adapt to changing circumstances and contemporary needs.
Outstanding! Choice d is correct.