ぴのみさんの おぼえた日記 - 2024年1月8日(月)

◇クリスの英語でよもやま話　第33回　2023.12月号　2024.1.8
STEREOTYPES　固定観念

1.　I love to travel to get to learn about different cultures. It's incredibly enriching and enlightening to experience a country's many wonderful sights, customs, festivals, music, cuisine and so on.

incredibly 信じられないほど、非常に
enriching 豊かにする、高める
enlightening 啓発的な、ためになる

2.　Now, before you travel, you obviously need to prepare well, including deciding what to pack. But one thing you should not pack is any stereotype you might have about the countries and people you're going to visit. Why? Well, let's find out!

stereotype 固定観念

3.　First, let's look at a well-known joke about national stereotypes.

4.　Heaven is where the cooks are French, the police are English, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian, and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the cooks are English, the police are German, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italians.

5.　We can all recognize elements of truth in such jokes, so we probably don't take them seriously and just enjoy the humor. However, they can have damaging effects on those who are the subject of the negative portrayals.

6.　More serious types of stereotypes include gender, race and sexuality. The problem is that stereotypes reduce someone to a 'type' and block us from seeing them as individual persons in all their fullness. This can easily lead to prejudice and, in the worst cases, to discrimination. Today, I'm focusing on negative stereotypes, but even positive are essentially wrong stereotypes ― all Brits are gentlemen ― for the same reason.

7.　When I asked my students to explain the difference between stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination, almost all of them said that they were basically the same. But they are quite different. Stereotypes are oversimplified images or perceptions you have of people. They are formed in the mind. Prejudices are the usually negative feelings you have towards people based on the stereotype. These are formed in the heart. Finally, discrimination is any kind of harmful action, including hate speech, you might inflict upon those people. This is carried out by the body.

oversimplified (誤解を招くほど) 単純化された
hate speech ヘイトス ピーチ(特定の集団や個人を憎悪して攻撃する言動)
inflict upon (打撃・苦痛などを)~に与える・加える

8.　I guess we have all experienced, or at least seen, some form of discrimination, and we realize how damaging it can be. An obvious example would be bullying which is a scourge across the globe. According to United Nations agencies, around 250 million children are victims of bullying every year. I believe that stereotypes are the root cause, so the key is to stop the creation of such images in our minds.

bullying いじめ
scourge 悩みの種、災いのもと

9.　They are definitely excess baggage!

excess baggage (機内持ち込みなどの)制限超過手荷物、余計なもの・人


◇フランス語　応用編　Leçon9　lundi 8 janvier

◎表現の鍵
1.関係代名詞の où の使い方
quinze départements seulement (sur 83) où la langue française est exclusivement parlée
フランス語だけが話されている県が (83のうち) 15県しかない
関係代名詞の où は先行詞が場所や時間を表すことばのときに使う。場所である「15県」quinze départements を先行詞としている。
Paris est la ville où je veux aller le plus. パリは私がいちばん行きたい都市だ。
*「都市」la ville を先行詞にし、そのあとに「私がいちばん行きたい」を関係代名詞 où で接続する。
それは私がフランスで最初に食事を取ったレストランです。
C'est un restaurant où j'ai pris mon premier repas en France.
*最初に食事を取る: prendre mon premier repas

2.être économe de 「~を無駄にしない、~を出し惜しみする」
Il est économe de son temps. 彼は時間を無駄にしない。
これが否定文になると、「出し惜しみしない」という意味になる。
Il n'est pas économe de promesses. 彼は惜しみなく約束をする。
彼女は努力の出し惜しみをしない。
Elle n'est pas économe de ses efforts.

☆今週は、英語はクリスのよもやま話や戦国武将列伝を、フランス語は応用編の「表現の鍵」を中心に学習する予定です。